| commit | author | age | ||
| 83c3f6 | 1 | --- |
| SP | 2 | layout: docs |
| 3 | title: Utilities for layout | |
| 4 | description: For faster mobile-friendly and responsive development, Bootstrap includes dozens of utility classes for showing, hiding, aligning, and spacing content. | |
| 5 | group: layout | |
| 6 | toc: true | |
| 7 | --- | |
| 8 | ||
| 9 | ## Changing `display` | |
| 10 | ||
| 11 | Use our [display utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/docs/{{ site.docs_version }}/utilities/display/) for responsively toggling common values of the `display` property. Mix it with our grid system, content, or components to show or hide them across specific viewports. | |
| 12 | ||
| 13 | ## Flexbox options | |
| 14 | ||
| 15 | Bootstrap 4 is built with flexbox, but not every element's `display` has been changed to `display: flex` as this would add many unnecessary overrides and unexpectedly change key browser behaviors. Most of [our components]({{ site.baseurl }}/docs/{{ site.docs_version }}/components/alerts/) are built with flexbox enabled. | |
| 16 | ||
| 17 | Should you need to add `display: flex` to an element, do so with `.d-flex` or one of the responsive variants (e.g., `.d-sm-flex`). You'll need this class or `display` value to allow the use of our extra [flexbox utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/docs/{{ site.docs_version }}/utilities/flex/) for sizing, alignment, spacing, and more. | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | ## Margin and padding | |
| 20 | ||
| 21 | Use the `margin` and `padding` [spacing utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/docs/{{ site.docs_version }}/utilities/spacing/) to control how elements and components are spaced and sized. Bootstrap 4 includes a five-level scale for spacing utilities, based on a `1rem` value default `$spacer` variable. Choose values for all viewports (e.g., `.mr-3` for `margin-right: 1rem`), or pick responsive variants to target specific viewports (e.g., `.mr-md-3` for `margin-right: 1rem` starting at the `md` breakpoint). | |
| 22 | ||
| 23 | ## Toggle `visibility` | |
| 24 | ||
| 25 | When toggling `display` isn't needed, you can toggle the `visibility` of an element with our [visibility utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/docs/{{ site.docs_version }}/utilities/visibility/). Invisible elements will still affect the layout of the page, but are visually hidden from visitors. | |
