| commit | author | age | ||
| 83c3f6 | 1 | --- |
| SP | 2 | layout: docs |
| 3 | title: Spacing | |
| 4 | description: Bootstrap includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin and padding utility classes to modify an element's appearance. | |
| 5 | group: utilities | |
| 6 | toc: true | |
| 7 | --- | |
| 8 | ||
| 9 | ## How it works | |
| 10 | ||
| 11 | Assign responsive-friendly `margin` or `padding` values to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. Classes are built from a default Sass map ranging from `.25rem` to `3rem`. | |
| 12 | ||
| 13 | ## Notation | |
| 14 | ||
| 15 | Spacing utilities that apply to all breakpoints, from `xs` to `xl`, have no breakpoint abbreviation in them. This is because those classes are applied from `min-width: 0` and up, and thus are not bound by a media query. The remaining breakpoints, however, do include a breakpoint abbreviation. | |
| 16 | ||
| 17 | The classes are named using the format `{property}{sides}-{size}` for `xs` and `{property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size}` for `sm`, `md`, `lg`, and `xl`. | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | Where *property* is one of: | |
| 20 | ||
| 21 | * `m` - for classes that set `margin` | |
| 22 | * `p` - for classes that set `padding` | |
| 23 | ||
| 24 | Where *sides* is one of: | |
| 25 | ||
| 26 | * `t` - for classes that set `margin-top` or `padding-top` | |
| 27 | * `b` - for classes that set `margin-bottom` or `padding-bottom` | |
| 28 | * `l` - for classes that set `margin-left` or `padding-left` | |
| 29 | * `r` - for classes that set `margin-right` or `padding-right` | |
| 30 | * `x` - for classes that set both `*-left` and `*-right` | |
| 31 | * `y` - for classes that set both `*-top` and `*-bottom` | |
| 32 | * blank - for classes that set a `margin` or `padding` on all 4 sides of the element | |
| 33 | ||
| 34 | Where *size* is one of: | |
| 35 | ||
| 36 | * `0` - for classes that eliminate the `margin` or `padding` by setting it to `0` | |
| 37 | * `1` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * .25` | |
| 38 | * `2` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * .5` | |
| 39 | * `3` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer` | |
| 40 | * `4` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * 1.5` | |
| 41 | * `5` - (by default) for classes that set the `margin` or `padding` to `$spacer * 3` | |
| 42 | * `auto` - for classes that set the `margin` to auto | |
| 43 | ||
| 44 | (You can add more sizes by adding entries to the `$spacers` Sass map variable.) | |
| 45 | ||
| 46 | ## Examples | |
| 47 | ||
| 48 | Here are some representative examples of these classes: | |
| 49 | ||
| 50 | {% highlight scss %} | |
| 51 | .mt-0 { | |
| 52 | margin-top: 0 !important; | |
| 53 | } | |
| 54 | ||
| 55 | .ml-1 { | |
| 56 | margin-left: ($spacer * .25) !important; | |
| 57 | } | |
| 58 | ||
| 59 | .px-2 { | |
| 60 | padding-left: ($spacer * .5) !important; | |
| 61 | padding-right: ($spacer * .5) !important; | |
| 62 | } | |
| 63 | ||
| 64 | .p-3 { | |
| 65 | padding: $spacer !important; | |
| 66 | } | |
| 67 | {% endhighlight %} | |
| 68 | ||
| 69 | ### Horizontal centering | |
| 70 | ||
| 71 | Additionally, Bootstrap also includes an `.mx-auto` class for horizontally centering fixed-width block level content—that is, content that has `display: block` and a `width` set—by setting the horizontal margins to `auto`. | |
| 72 | ||
| 73 | <div class="bd-example"> | |
| 74 | <div class="mx-auto" style="width: 200px; background-color: rgba(86,61,124,.15);"> | |
| 75 | Centered element | |
| 76 | </div> | |
| 77 | </div> | |
| 78 | ||
| 79 | {% highlight html %} | |
| 80 | <div class="mx-auto" style="width: 200px;"> | |
| 81 | Centered element | |
| 82 | </div> | |
| 83 | {% endhighlight %} | |
| 84 | ||
| 85 | ### Negative margin | |
| 86 | ||
| 87 | In CSS, `margin` properties can utilize negative values (`padding` cannot). As of 4.2, we've added negative margin utilities for every non-zero integer size listed above (e.g., `1`, `2`, `3`, `4`, `5`). These utilities are ideal for customizing grid column gutters across breakpoints. | |
| 88 | ||
| 89 | The syntax is nearly the same as the default, positive margin utilities, but with the addition of `n` before the requested size. Here's an example class that's the opposite of `.mt-1`: | |
| 90 | ||
| 91 | {% highlight scss %} | |
| 92 | .mt-n1 { | |
| 93 | margin-top: -0.25rem !important; | |
| 94 | } | |
| 95 | {% endhighlight %} | |
| 96 | ||
| 97 | Here's an example of customizing the Bootstrap grid at the medium (`md`) breakpoint and above. We've increased the `.col` padding with `.px-md-5` and then counteracted that with `.mx-md-n5` on the parent `.row`. | |
| 98 | ||
| 99 | {% capture example %} | |
| 100 | <div class="row mx-md-n5"> | |
| 101 | <div class="col py-3 px-md-5 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> | |
| 102 | <div class="col py-3 px-md-5 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div> | |
| 103 | </div> | |
| 104 | {% endcapture %} | |
| 105 | {% include example.html content=example %} | |
